Accounting for Science and Technological- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Accounting for Science and Technological. Answer: Introduction The globalization and advancement of science and technological field have brought dramatic changes in the business context. In one hand it provides extensive facilities to the business organization; on the other hand, it has brought various difficulties to the business organization. Globalization provides the facilities to expand the market across the globe, and the technological advancement specifically the advanced computer, internet, as well as information and communication technologies boost the organizational efficiency. The output process of the performance measures can be accurately measured by showing the relative desires included in the results. The performance measurement system helps in determining the quality, cost and the time (Arnold, 2012). In this matter, the management accounting is shown to be beneficial for the companies. The performance measurement system also helps in creating and managing the key performance indicators as per the needs of the management. The sti mulation of the behaviour must be made by showing the success in the performance measured. The construction of the performance is depicted to be illustrating the ways of assessing the performance. These processes need a balanced measurement for the purpose of implementing the individual characteristics as undertaken for the study (Bacon, 2010). Main Context Balance Scorecard The balance scorecard helps in enhancing the performance management within FCH as well as it helps in using the revenues, cost and activity drivers. It helps in measuring the performances of the employees and the processes of operational activities. With the help balance scorecard the learning and developing process of the employees of FCH use to be improved as their performances are measured correctively by the management and provide them effective helps and guidance for their further improvement. It also improves the internal business process or the business operation of the organization as individual performances of the employees of the organization have been improved so it helps in improving the entire process. Besides this, with the improved efficiency business operation of the organization it can deliver better product and services to the customers. Therefore, the customers are satisfied with the company and its services. Moreover, as it helps in ensuring the customers satisfac tion it improves the loyalty of the customers. The larger loyal customers base the company can implement better strategies to grow in the market that help in substantial financial growth of the FCH. The implementation of the balanced scorecard is provided in the following steps that illustrate the process used by the FCH which is as follows:- It helps to reach to an agreement which considering the terms and its own meaning. it clearly explains the strategy descriptions, strategy maps, business goals and also the focus on the teams made. It is also illustrated as a KPI measurement tool which is being used for showing the summarization of the following ideas as measured by the management (Kaplan, 2012). It helps in making the management to understand the expected results that would be achieved in future. It clearly explains the strategic decision making and the discussion of the execution made by the management for the betterment of the company. It also helps in making a cultural shift when the employees start seeking jobs with the varying strategies of the organisation (Rahman, 2015). It helps in organising the proper decisions with surrounding the strategies constructed by the organisation for the future. It simply defines the alignment strategy undertaken by the organisation with involving the team members where the employees can easily share their thoughts for the betterment of the organisation (Sharma and Gadenne, 2011). Adding the KPIs and the action plans will enable in establishing the appropriate management of the key indicators which will be used for managing the functions of the organisation. This is illustrated as the best option which is showing the explanation of the measurement of the work and also the brainstorming metrics can be defined by using this strategy. It helps in undertaking the cultural shift which is essential for the organisation. It can be justified by undertaking the crash test of the balanced scorecard produced by the FCH and also it will enable to ensure the company about the benefits of the cultural shift taken by the company. The balanced scorecard is proved to be helpful for the FCH by showing the measurement of the performance for the FCH. The performances can be measured by the help of the four steps which are described in the following points:- Customers perspective It must be focused by showing the relationship with the management and also the relationship enables the growth of the company which is very much beneficial for the company. The focus is being made by illustrating the construction of the work process which will be suitable for having an appropriate relationship (Parrino, 2015). Internal perspective- The internal perspective is defined as the relationship of the FCH with the employees who will enable the company to have an appropriate development of the structure. The fruitful enhancement of the work will be easily defined to be showing the enhancement work. Innovative and the learning perspectives: The innovation and the learning perspectives will help the company to have an appropriate environment for the development of the FCH. The implementation of the innovative strategies and also the development of the structure will help in the establishment of the good reputation in the market. Financial Perspectives- The measurement of the inflows and the outflows of the cash will enable the company to have an appropriate measurement of the profits and the expenses made by the company. This will show the development or the deterioration of the company FCH. Potential Difficulties for Implementation of Balance Scorecard The balanced scorecard is an efficient concept of the performance management, and it has several advantages, however, at the time of implementing the balanced scorecard system, the companies may face difficulties. The reason behind this is that the balanced scorecard does not give practical guidance for the development. Moreover, some of the managers perceive it as a "quick fix" which can be easily applied within the organization (Emery, Finnerty and Stowe, 2011). Employing a balance scorecard scheme is an evolutionary procedure, and it is not a single time task, which can be verified quickly. In case the management does not identify this form in the initial period as well as be unsuccessful to commit to the long period, then the company will get a disappointing outcome. However, few approaches permit for the rapid beginning to the scorecard system evolution. For the evaluation of the system, the scorecard is very much essential for the identification of the issues. The scorecard helps in establishing the correct information by showing the path for mitigating the issues (Finch, 2010). Therefore, the development of this work is very much essential for the management of the organization. The mitigation of issues is very much important for showing the balancing of the perspectives. It also helps in showing the mitigation of issues in the measurements that forces the managers to distract from the main motive. There are few main issues with the implementation of the balanced scorecard, which are illustrated below: Poorly Defined Scorecard The scorecard requires being relevant and concise. They must be described with the visual indicators which can be understood easily. Moreover, the score must be gathered at an idea frequency in order make the decisions as well as must be defined in a way that the score can constantly be applied through the company. The system, which has a sloppy or inconsistent scorecard, will be vulnerable for the critics who wish to evade responsibility for the outcome (Helbk, Lindset, and McLellan, 2010). Lacking in Efficient Data Gathering along with Reporting The main reason, which the business organization uses to overemphasis financial scorecard at the cost of other significance operating variables, is the simplest fact that the system already presents for gathering as well as reporting the financial scores. The organizations that purposely plan for defining the main few scores as well as commit the resources to automate data gathering, as well as following reporting, intend to attain a good outcome. Unfortunately, in the most of the organization in case of collecting scorecard data take too much time plus energy that they will not be collected effectively. This is the reason behind that why in is vital to prioritize the key performance indicators; hence the company can be assured that its investment in the scorecard is spent on the information, which will be most pertinent to enhancing the performance of the organization (Kew and Watson, 2012). Deficiencies for a Formal Auditing Procedure The balanced scorecard works most efficiently at the time these are reviewed more frequently to detect the differences. In the case of a balanced scorecard, the value of the scorecard alters on a daily basis as well as the variables within the control management can be exaggerated on dial basis that time it is suggested that the scorecard must be reviewed on a daily basis (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). Vague Strategy The vague strategy is being defined as the ideals and the aspirations that cannot be implemented by the organisation to frame out the structure of sustainability in the future. This failure provides the organisation to face the revisit situations and also the strategies cannot be cleared. This seems to be affecting the balanced scorecard and also the financial targets cannot be easily fulfilled. The effect on the medium and the long term can be easily determined by showing the perceptions and the values made by the company. The enhancement of the desired value can be made by mitigating the refining and revisiting strategies which are affecting the organisation. Conclusion The management accounting is one of the most important aspects of the contemporary business organization. It helps the management is taking effective management decision for the organization. It helps in analyzing the financial and non-financial data of the organization to make the decision on behalf of the company. The performance management is crucial for the management of the company as it helps in assessing the performance of the employs of the company and thus helps in measuring the performances of the organization (Khan and Jain, 2007). The balanced scorecard is one of the most effective tools for measuring the performance of the different processes within the organization as well as the people involved with the process. It also helps in assessing the performance of the company. Apart from this, it helps in recognizing the loophole within the process and management can take important decisions to rectify the drawbacks and improve the efficiency of the business operation process es and thus improve the overall efficiency of the organization. In this way, the organization can improve the productivity as well as the profitability of the company. Preparation of Tuition Block $ Raw materials 12 Direct labour 7 Packaging 9 Royalties 10 Variable production overheads 5 43 The cost of the premium widget should be low so that the profit margin of 20% can be achieved. The profit margin is 20% then the cost should be $40. The company should use all the resources in an appropriate manner in order to decrease the cost of production(Pandey, 2015). The company should also use its employees efficiently. There are different techniques that can be used for eliminating the cost gap that are as follows: Minimizing the numbers of components Cheap staff should be used Standard components should be used More efficient and new technologies should be used The staff members should be provided with adequate training to use the techniques efficiently Decreasing the non-value-added operations and activities Different materials should be used The market-based transfer price would be most appropriate for the organization as the goods from one division could be easily transferred to another without any subsidiaries. The Company may use the transfer pricing and also the companies are showing the working out of the work. The internal cost failure includes waste, scrap, rectification or rework and failure analysis. The external failure cost includes repairs and servicing, warranty claims, complaints and returns. The external failure cost will exceed the internal failure cost when there is a supply of poor quality of products and poor service quality to the customers. It affects the overall operation of the company(Correia, 2005). The difficulties that can be faced by the CP are decrease in the demand of the products in the market and to deal with the new rules and regulations. The decrease in the demand of the products means decrease in the profitability and share price of the company. The risks can affect the overall operation of the company. References Arnold, G. (2012).Corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Bacon, F. (2010).Corporate financial management. Acton, MA: Copley Custom Textbooks. Correia, C. (2005).Corporate financial management.Cottesloe, W.A.: Skystone Investments. Emery, D., Finnerty, J. and Stowe, J. (2011).Corporate financial management. Morristown, NJ: Wohl Publishing. Finch, B. (2010).Effective financial management. London: Kogan Page. Helbk, M., Lindset, S. and McLellan, B. (2010).Corporate finance. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Education. Kaplan, R. (2012). The balanced scorecard: comments on balanced scorecard commentaries.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change, 8(4), pp.539-545. Kew, J. and Watson, A. (2012).Financial accounting. 1st ed. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Khan, M. and Jain, P. (2007).Financial management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Pandey, I. (2015).Financial management. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T. (2009).Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Parrino, R. (2015).Corporate Finance. Singapore: John Wiley Sons. Rahman, N. (2015).Corporate Finance. North Ryde: McGraw-Hill Australia. Sharma, B. and Gadenne, D. (2011). Balanced Scorecard Implementation in a Local Government Authority: Issues and Challenges.Australian Journal of Public Administration, 70(2), pp.167-184. Welch, I. (2014).Corporate finance. Los Angeles: Ivo Welch. Wolf, M. (2010).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Buddhism Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Buddhism Essay Conclusion High in the mountains of the Himalayas chants ring out from the Tibetan monastery. For most this is a dream-like vacation to a far away land. For some of the people who live in Tibet and India this is everyday life as a Buddhist. Buddhism revolves around a strict code of daily rituals and meditations. To an outsider they can seem mystical or even odd, but these are the paths to enlightenment and spiritual salvation. Throughout the centuries, Buddhism has evolved into a major religion in Asia and other parts of the world. The mystical roots of Buddhism can be traced back to the first century BCE. Buddhism began with the birth of Siddhartha Gautama. When Siddhartha was born he was noticed as having the 32 auspicious signs of an enlightened one (Clark and Brown 3). His father, fearing Siddhartha would shun his inheritance, confined him to the walls of the palace, never allowing his son to experience want or suffering. However, Siddhartha on several occasions ventured outside the confines of the palace. On one of his visits into the city he saw an ascetic begging for alms in the city square. It was then that he realized that there was meaning beyond physical existence (Clark and Brown 3).Siddhartha then gave up his possessions to search for enlightenment. He discovers that by following the path of moderation, one can become enlightened (Clark and Brown 3). And so, he attained Buddhahood. Afterwards Buddha, the name given to an enlightened one, travels through India preaching and educating others about th e middle path (Clark and Brown 3). From this, Buddhism was born. The religion of Buddhism is not entirely in a sphere of its own. In fact, it combines several influences born in and around the Asian continent. The first religious influence is Taoism. Taoism embraces the belief in the fluid like spirit that flows throughout everyone and everything. The primary belief of Taoists is that the universe is in constant change. Taoists believe that nature and the earth is constantly in flux. Simply, the onlyconstant in the world is change. When individuals learn that growth and movement are natural and necessary, they can become balanced (Clark and Brown 7). Taoism teaches self-control and the importance of meditation in searching for enlightenment. The second influence is Confucianism. Put simply, Confucianism is the quest for order (Clark and Brown 8). Although it teaches the balance of family with society, Confucianism is more of a political ideology. In Asia, it concerns the division of property among citizens. Lastly, among others, is Zen. This is the most important of Buddhist practice. Zen is more a ritual than a written in stone doctrine. The rituals deal with meditation and the path to enlightenment. Zen Buddhismis the basic practice of meditation in order to reach peace within ones self (Clark and Brown 8). For most Buddhists it is Zen that leads the way to enlightenment. The practice involves reflecting upon ones self and meditating in order to reach spiritual salvation, or Nirvana, the highest level of spiritual peace. Buddhist practice can generally be divided into two sects, the Mahayana and the Theravada. The Theravada sect, the eldest, is commonly referred to as the tradition of the elderly (Hansen 4). The basic belief is that your station in life is directly related to the spiritual state of your soul. According to the beliefs, enlightenment is reserved for a select group of religious figures and scholars (Clark and Brown 5). As can be expected, the Theravada sect is less commo n. Followers of the Theravada are more commonly found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Burma (Hansen 4). The second sect, the Mahayana, is the youngest one. It is commonly referred to as the Greater Vehicle. Mahayana differs in that it subscribes to the belief that all people can attain enlightenment through the help of a teacher. Members of the Mahayana hold to the notion of group salvation, as opposed to individual accomplishment (Clark and Brown 4). The Mahayana sect is more prevalent in Buddhist communities, and far more practiced than the Theravada. .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 , .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .postImageUrl , .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 , .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:hover , .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:visited , .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:active { border:0!important; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:active , .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51 .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e4ed073a10bf5747c5c9dce78e4ca51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: West African Art EssayThe main difference between the two sects is how they interpret the texts. The Mahayana views the texts more liberally, emphasizing an equal chance for all humans to achieve enlightenment (Clark and Brown 4). The way to enlightenment involves many rituals and practices. Tibetan Buddhist tools for awakening also promote relaxation and healing (Dharma Haven 1). Meditation is key to Buddhists. Before one can attain enlightenment, one must gain what is known as the four circles. The first circle is called the Fire of Wisdom. It is the outermost circle and consists of the purifying fire (Hansen 2). The second circle is called the Vajra circle. It is symbolized as the diamond circle, expressing ones fearlessness and strength. The third circle is the Tombs. This circle consists of eight tombs, each signifying the eight states of consciousness, which a person must work beyond. The fourth circle is the Lotus circle. This circle represents the open state of devotion (Hansen 2), which is necessary to achieve enlightenment. Another practice among Buddhists is the Eightfold Path. One must follow the Eightfold Path, much like Christianitys Ten Commandments, in order to purify ones self and reach enligh tenment. They are1.Right belief2.Right resolution3.Right speech4.Right action5.Right living6.Right effort7.Right thinking8.Peace of mind through meditation (Hansen 4). These along with other beliefs help mold the theology behind Buddhism. In all, Buddhism is a rich religion that affects the lives of millions of people throughout the world. Most importantly, Buddhism is a religion for all people. The religion emphasizes personal enlightenment as opposed to salvation from a higher being. The religion teaches that salvation lies in your own hands, and you are ultimately responsible for what you do, and the consequences that you face. Buddhism molds several ideologies and religions into its practices, appealing to a wide number of people, searching for salvation. Buddhist thought has helped to shape the lives of people as well as political institutions. In Japan Shintoism, the ancient cult over which the imperial family presided, had been largely eclipsed by Buddhism (Ralph et al 34). Aspects of the religion have also moved into the U.S., Growing interest in Asian culture and spiritual values in the West has led to the development of a number of societies devoted to the study and practice of Buddhism. Zen has grown in the United States to encompass more than a dozen meditation centers and a number of actual monasteries (McDermott 2). The Buddhist religion encompasses a large spectrum of people all diverse but united under the words and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama.Works CitedClark, Laura, and Suzanne Brown. Vietnamese Buddhism. 18 Jan. 2000. . Dharma Haven. Healing, Relaxing and Awakening: Tibetan Buddhist Methods. 16 Jan. 2000. . 18 May 1999. Hansen, Jytte. Mandala. 17 Jan 2000. . 1 March 1997McDermott, James Paul. Buddhism Today. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. Ralph, Phillip Lee, et al. World Civilizations: Their History and Culture. 9th edition. New York: Norton, 1997.

The Digestive System Anatomy Review Essay Example

The Digestive System: Anatomy Review Essay The Digestive System: Anatomy Review 1. List two main divisions of the digestive system. a. Gastrointestinal tract b. Accessory digestive 2. The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are a. Mucosa b. Submucosa c. Muscularis Externa d. Serosa 3. Label the diagram below with the four main layers you listed in question 6. 4. The mucosa includes a type of columnar __cell______that forms the inner lining of the lumen 5. Blood and lymph vessels of the mucosa are found in its _epithelial cell_ connective tissue layer. . The function of epithelial goblet cells is to secrete _substances used in digestion_. 7. _Enteroendocrine_ cells of the mucosa secrete hormones into the blood. 8. Absorption of nutrients occurs through the mucosal epithelium and into either _blood capillaries_ or _lymph vessels_ vessels. 9. Using the following diagram, label the vessels you listed in the previous question. 10. The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the _submucosal plexus. 11. The two types of movements produced by contractions of the muscularis externa are _peristalsis_and _segmentation_. 12. List the four regions of the stomach: a. _cardia_________ b. _fundus________ c. _body_________ d. _pyloric region_ 13. List the three sheets of muscle in the stomach’s muscularis externa: a. _ longitudinal muscle layer b. _ circular muscle layer c. _ oblique muscle layer 14. Label the three sheets of muscle in the stomach’s muscularis externa in the diagram below. 15. List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine: a. _duodenum b. _jejunum c. _ileum 16. From largest to smallest, list the three modifications of the small intestine’s inner wall that function to increase surface area: a. _plicae circulares b. _villa c. _microvilla 17. Label two of the modifications of the intestine to increase surface area in the diagram below. 18. The microvilli of the small intestine’s epithelial cells form the _brush_ border. 19. We will write a custom essay sample on The Digestive System: Anatomy Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Digestive System: Anatomy Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Digestive System: Anatomy Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Starting from the ileocecal valve, trace the path of undigested material through the large intestine. 20. List the six sphincters of the digestive tract: a. upper esophageal sphincter (UES) b. the cardiac sphincter c. the pyloric sphincter d. the ileocecal sphincter e. the involuntary f. voluntary anal sphincters. 21. The single digestive function of the liver is to produce _bile_. 22. The main digestive enzyme-producing organ in the body is the _pancreas_. 23. Three pairs of _salivary glands_ function to moisten food in the mouth.

Writing a Sample Essay For Fellowship Applications

Writing a Sample Essay For Fellowship ApplicationsIf you have completed your application for a fellowship program, you are probably looking for a sample essay for fellowships. But, how do you find one?Most likely, the internet is your own kind of mine. You can browse hundreds of websites that offer free samples on writing the perfect letters and essays. But, be careful in choosing a site.Some websites would tell you to do research on the Internet. They claim that with just a few clicks, you could find thousands of online essays available for you to choose from. But, the truth is, they are not reliable and they don't always come up with the most appropriate ones.Some online writing agencies would even ask you to pay for their services, which can be quite expensive. So, what you should do first is, surf around and search for sites that would suit your needs. You will not spend too much time searching for an essay site, since it will only take a couple of minutes.How do you find the bes t samples for the samples? The best way is to read forums and read about writing and submitted sample essays. You will easily find reviews on these forums.It is highly recommended that you search online first to narrow down your choices and then ask friends and family members who might have the right resources at their disposal. Also, online editors will help you make the choice on what you want to write. They can give you hints and tips on where to find the best sample essays.It is very important that you consider your topic before writing the essay. You can use this free time to think over how you want to phrase the essay. If you need more time, you can search for sample essays on the Internet and then learn from them.Writing a sample essay for fellowship applications is essential if you want to get your application accepted. It is necessary to stand out in this competitive field of applicants. Find a good online writing agency that can handle your writing project and deliver qual ity essay samples.

Life of Cochise, Apache Warrior and Chief

Life of Cochise, Apache Warrior and Chief Cochise (ca. 1810–June 8, 1874), perhaps the most powerful Chiricahua Apache chief in recorded times, was an influential player in the history of the U.S. southwest. His leadership came during a critical period in North American history, when shifting political relationships between Native American and European Americans resulted in a complete reconfiguration of the region. Fast Facts: Cochise Known For: Chiricahua Apache chief from 1861–1864Born: ca. 1810 in southeastern Arizona or northwestern SonoraDied: June 8, 1874 in the Dragoon Mountains, ArizonaSpouses Names: Dos-teh-seh and a second wife, whose name is not knownChildrens Names: Taza, Naiche, Dash-den-zhoos, and Naithlotonz Early Years Cochise was born around 1810, in either southeast Arizona or northwest Sonora, Mexico. He was destined for leadership: his father, most likely a man named Pisago Cabezà ³n, was the head chief of the Chokonen band, one of four bands in the Apache tribe. Cochise had at least two younger brothers, Juan and Coyuntura (or Kin-o-Tera), and one younger sister. As is traditional, Cochise received his name Goci as a young adult, which in the Apache language means his nose. There are no known surviving photographs of Cochise, who was described as a striking-looking man with black hair to his shoulders, a high forehead, prominent cheekbones, and a large, handsome Roman nose.   Cochise wrote no letters. His life was documented during a series of interviews conducted during the end of his life. The information from those interviews is somewhat contradictory, including the spelling of his name (variations include Chuchese, Chis, and Cucchisle). Education The Apaches of the 19th century followed a traditional hunting and gathering lifestyle, which they supplemented with raids when hunting and gathering alone could not feed their families. Raiding involved attacking ranches and ambushing travelers in order to steal their supplies. The raids were violent and often left victims wounded, tortured, or killed.  Although there are no specific records about Cochises education, anthropological studies and oral and written histories from the Apache community describe the learning processes for prospective warriors, which Cochise would have experienced. Young boys in the Apache world were separated from young girls and began training in the use of the bow and arrow at the age of six or seven. They played games which emphasized speed and agility, physical strength and fitness, self-discipline and independence. At 14, Cochise likely began training as a warrior, starting as a novice (dikhoe) and practicing wrestling, bow and arrow contests, and foot races. Young men played the role of trainee at their first four raids. During the first raid, they performed menial camp chores, such as making beds, cooking, and standing guard. After completing his fourth raid, Cochise would have been considered an adult. Indian–White Relations At the time of Cochises youth, the political climate of southeastern Arizona and northeastern Sonora was fairly quiet. The region was under the control of the Spanish, who had skirmished with the Apaches and other tribes in the region but settled on a policy that brought a kind of peace. The Spanish aimed to replace Apache raiding with the provision of rations from established Spanish outposts called presidios.   This was a deliberately planned action on the part of the Spanish to disrupt and destroy the Apache social system. Rations were corn or wheat, meat, brown sugar, salt, and tobacco, as well as inferior guns, liquor, clothing and other items designed to make the Native Americans dependent on the Spanish. This did bring peace, which lasted nearly forty years, until near the end of the Mexican Revolution in 1821. The war seriously depleted the treasuries, rationing broke down slowly, and disappeared entirely when the Mexicans won the war.   As a result, the Apaches resumed their raiding, and the Mexicans retaliated. By 1831, when Cochise was 21 years old, hostilities were so extensive that, unlike earlier times, nearly all of the Apache bands under Mexican influence participated in raiding and conflicts.   Early Military Career The first battle that Cochise probably participated in may have been the three-day battle from May 21–23, 1832, an armed conflict of Chiricahuas with Mexican troops near the Mogollon Mountains. Three hundred warriors led by Pisago Cabezà ³n lost after the last eight-hour battle under 138 Mexican men led by Captain Jose Ignacio Ronquillo. The following years were punctuated by a number of treaties signed and broken; raidings halted and resumed.   In 1835, Mexico put a bounty on Apache scalps and hired mercenaries to massacre them. John Johnson was one of those mercenaries, an Anglo living in Sonora. He was granted permission to track down hostiles and on April 22, 1837, he and his men ambushed and massacred 20 Apaches and wounded many more during a trading deal. Cochise was not likely present, but he and other Apaches sought revenge.   Marriage and Family In the late 1830s, Cochise married Dos-teh-seh (something at the campfire already cooked). She was the daughter of Mangas Coloradas, who led the Chihenne Apache band. Cochise and Dos-teh-seh had at least two sons- Taza, born 1842, and Naiche, born 1856. His second wife, who was from the Chokonen band but whose name is not known, bore him two daughters in the early 1860s: Dash-den-zhoos and Naithlotonz.   Cochises son Naiche, Hereditary Leader of the Chiricahua Apaches, taken by Adolph F. Muhr about 1898.   Library of Congress According to Apache custom, men lived with their wives after they married. Cochise most likely lived with the Chihenne for six to eight months. However, he had become an important leader in his fathers band, so he soon returned to Chokonen.   A (Temporarily) Settled Peace In early 1842, Cochises father - Pisago Cabezà ³n, leader of the Chokonen - was ready to sign an armistice with the Mexicans. Cochises father-in-law - Mangas Coloradas, leader of the Chihinne - disagreed. A treaty was signed on July 4, 1842, with the Apaches promising to cease all hostilities, and the Mexican government agreeing to feed them rations. Cochise drew rations with his wife in October, and Mangas, seeing that the Chokonen treaty would hold, decided to negotiate a similar treaty for his own band. In late 1842, that armistice was also signed.   This settled peace would not last long. In May of 1843, Mexican troops at Fronteras murdered six Chokonen men for no apparent reason. In late May, seven more Chiricahua men were murdered at the Presidio in Fronteras. In retaliation, Mangas and Pisago attacked Fronteras, killing two citizens and wounding another.   Deteriorating Conditions By 1844, conditions among the Apache bands in the region had deteriorated sharply. Smallpox arrived in the fall, and the supply of rations for the communities had sharply decreased. Mangas Coloradas and Pisago Cabezà ³n returned to the mountains by February 1845, and from there they conducted several raids on Sonora. Cochise would have participated in these raids.   In 1846, James Kirker, a mercenary sanctioned by the Mexican government, set out to kill as many Apaches as possible. On July 7, under the protection of a treaty, he hosted a feast at Galeana (in what is now Chihuahua state in Mexico) for 130 Chiricahuas, and then had them beaten to death in the morning. It was an ill-chosen moment, because in April of that year, fighting had broken out between the U.S. and Mexico, and Congress declared war on Mexico in May. The Apaches had a new and dangerous source of support, but they were rightly wary of the Americans.   In December of 1847, a war party of Apaches attacked the village of Cuquiarachi in Sonora and killed a longtime adversary, seven other men and six women, and captured six children. The following February, a large party attacked another town called Chinapa, killing 12 men, wounding six and capturing 42, mostly women and children.   Cochise Captured Throughout the summer of 1848, the Chokonen band carried on a siege of the fort at Fronteras. On June 21, 1848, Cochise and his Chokonen chief Miguel Narbona led an assault on Fronteras, Sonora, but the attack went awry. Narbonas horse was killed by cannon fire, and Cochise was captured. He remained a prisoner for about six weeks, and his release was only obtained by the exchange of 11 Mexican prisoners.   Apache Pass, Arizona, as viewed from Fort Bowie facing north.   Mark A. Wilson In the mid-1850s, Miguel Narbona died and Cochise became the principal chief of the band. In the late 1850s, United States citizens arrived in his country, first settling at Apache Pass, a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail Company route. For a few years, the Apaches maintained a tenuous peace with the Americans, who now provided sorely needed rations to them.   Bascom Affair, or "Cut the Tent" In early February 1861, U.S. Lieutenant George Bascom met Cochise at Apache Pass and accused him of capturing a boy who had in fact been taken by other Apaches. Bascom invited Cochise into his tent and told him he would hold him as a prisoner until the boy was returned. Cochise pulled out his knife, cut through the tent, and escaped into the nearby hills.   In retaliation, Bascoms troops captured five members of Cochises family, and four days later Cochise attacked, killing several Mexicans and capturing four Americans whom he offered in exchange for his relatives. Bascom refused, and Cochise tortured his prisoners to death, leaving their bodies to be found. Bascom retaliated by hanging Cochises brother Coyuntura and two nephews.  This event is known in Apache history as Cut the Tent. The Cochise Wars (1861–1872) Cochise became the dominant Chiricahua Apache chief, replacing the aging Mangas Coloradas. Cochises rage at the loss of his family members led to a bloody cycle of revenge and retaliation between the Americans and Apaches for the next 12 years, known as the Cochise Wars. For the first half of the 1860s, the Apaches maintained strongholds in the Dragoon mountains, moving back and forth attacking ranchers and travelers alike, and keeping control of southeastern Arizona. But after the U.S. Civil War ended, a massive influx of U.S. soldiers put the Apaches on the defensive.  Ã‚   By the late 1860s, the war continued sporadically. The worst event was an ambush and massacre by the Apaches of the Stone party in October of 1869. It was likely in 1870, when Cochise first met Thomas Jeffords (Red Beard), a stage driver for the Butterfield Overland Stage. Jeffords, who would become Cochises closest white friend, played a significant role in bringing peace to the American southwest.   Making Peace On October 1, 1872, true peace efforts were established at a meeting between Cochise and Brigadier General Oliver Otis Howard, facilitated by Jeffords. Treaty negotiations included a cessation of hostilities including raiding between the U.S. and Apaches, the safe passage of his warriors to their homes, and the creation of a short-lived Chiricahua Apache reservation, located initially in the Sulphur Spring Valley of Arizona. It was an agreement not on paper, but between two highly principled men who trusted one another.   The brigadier general Otis Howard made a lasting peace agreement with Cochise on October 1, 1872.   Hulton Archive/Getty Images The agreement did not include cessation of raiding in Mexico, however. American troops at Fort Bowie were prohibited from interfering with the Chokonens activities in Arizona. The Chokonens kept the terms of the treaty for three and a half years, but continued conducting raids in Sonora until the fall of 1873. Quotes After the Cut the Tent affair, Cochise is reported to have said: I was at peace with the whites, until they tried to kill me for what other Indians did; I now live and die at war with them.   In a conversation with his friend Thomas Jeffords, then the agent for the Chiricahua reservation, Cochise said: A man should never lie... if a man asks you or I a question we do not wish to answer, we could simply say I dont want to talk about that. Death and Burial Cochise became ill in 1871, probably suffering from abdominal cancer. He met with Tom Jeffords for the last time on June 7. In that final meeting Cochise asked that control of his band be passed on to his son Taza. He wanted the tribe to live in peace and hoped that Taza would continue to rely on Jeffords. (Taza went on to keep his commitments, but eventually, the U.S. authorities broke Howards covenant with Cochise, relocating Tazas band out of their homes and into Western Apache country.) Cochise died at the Eastern Stronghold in the Dragoon Mountains on June 8, 1874. The Eastern Stronghold in the Dragoon Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Mark A. Wilson   After his death, Cochise was washed and painted in war style, and his family buried him in a grave wrapped in blankets with his name woven into them. The sides of the grave were walled up about three feet high with stone; his rifle, arms and other articles of value were laid beside him. To give him transportation in the afterlife, Cochises favorite horse was shot within 200 yards, another killed about one mile away, and a third two miles away. In his honor, his family destroyed all the clothing and food stores they had and fasted for 48 hours. Legacy Cochise is known for his significant role in Indian-White relations. He lived and prospered by war, but died in peace: a man of great integrity and principle and a worthy leader of the Apache people as they experienced massive social change and upheaval. He is remembered as a fierce warrior as well as a leader of sound judgment and diplomacy. Eventually, he was willing to negotiate and find peace despite suffering the great loss of his family, tribe members, and way of living. Sources Seymour, Deni J., and George Robertson. A Pledge of Peace: Evidence of the Cochise-Howard Treaty Campsite. Historical Archaeology 42.4 (2008): 154–79. Print.Sweeney, Edwin R. Cochise: Chiricahua Apache Chief. The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Print.- -, ed. Cochise: Firsthand Accounts of the Chiricahua Apache Chief. 2014. Print.- -. Making Peace with Cochise: The 1872 Journal of Captain Joseph Alton Sladen. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. Print.

Discussion Questions (Business Ethics for Leaders class) Assignment

Discussion Questions (Business Ethics for Leaders class) - Assignment Example Leaders help to establish a culture of an organization and they set example others follow. Employees take their lead from their leaders and if leaders do not behave in ethical manner, employees might not as well. It is not what leaders say that matters, but what they do. Leaders should lead from the front and make sure not to isolate people who voice their moral concerns on business issues. Leaders in business must give life and meaning to these words by acting on them. This means to use every opportunity to stress importance of business ethics and key business decisions that are not only economically viable but make good ethical sense. To further ethical behavior there is a need to build an organization culture that values ethical behavior. The business must unambiguously coherent values that emphasize ethical behavior. One way of doing this is to draft a code of ethics which is a prescribed statement of ethical priorities a business adheres to. Few follow documents such as UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is grounded in right based theories of moral philosophy. Few incorporate ethical statements that express values or missions of employees. Charles Hills (2002) notes that multinational Unilever has code of ethics that includes following points â€Å"Employees: Unilever is committed to diversity in working environment where there is mutual respect and trust and where everyone feels responsible for performance and reputation of company†¦we are committed to safe and healthy working conditions to all employees... we will not use any form of forced, compulsory or child labor†¦we respect dignity of individual and their right to freedom of association.. It is evident that Unilever principles send a very clear message about appropriate ethics to leaders and employees. Few companies employ independent auditors to make sure that company is behaving consistent with its ethical codes. Finally, building an organization culture that places high

Abortion Rights American Legal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion Rights American Legal System - Essay Example The affect of the decisions attributed, often vary in many aspects. Some decisions adjudged by the court affect only the party concerned, while there are certain prominent decisions that potentially affect the rights, benefits, and legal principles of virtually all the Native Americans. There are in stances when Americans welcome a certain ruling, while there are also cases that receive that disapproval and protests of the American citizens. However, the notable fact is that all American citizens accept the legitimacy of these decisions, and also of the courts role as the final interpreter of the law. It is certain that the citizens of America place their faith in the rule of law, and also cast their vote of confidence on the legal system of United States of America (State, 2001, p.6). Abortion rights in the American legal system The United States of America portrays an emerging trend where the freedom of choice is used to presage the freedom from responsibility. However responsibili ty is required from the fruitful exercise of any freedom. The abortion rights and the decisions rendered by the American legal system on the abortion rights of the Native Americans had a significant and widespread impact on the lives of the citizens across the United States of America. The rulings in abortion rights cases have given birth to more intense emotions in the American citizens.... It is essentially noted that the outset that this â€Å"freedom of choice† is exercised not only by the women of the country, but also by the men’s in the state. It is an often scenario that men, influence their wives and several other to undergo abortion so that they can be free from accepting the con sequences of their action. It is obvious that when a woman conceives, the action is a result of the process that involves willingness of both the man and the woman (apart from the instances of rape) (Bullock, 1994, p.1). The case of Roe vs. Wade Jane Roe was a fictitious name attributed to Norma McCorvey. She was an unmarried pregnant woman, an inhabitant of Dallas, Texas. Joe wanted to opt for abortion, and filed a suit in the year 1970, to prevent the Dallas county prosecutor Henry wade from imposing the antiabortion laws in her case. Although by the time the case was brought during the year of 1971, rose had already delivered her baby and put it up for adoption. Althou gh roe was no longer pregnant, the United States court rejected the claims that the case was debatable, arguing that Joe might get pregnant again, and other women similarly situated would become pregnant. Justice Blackmun acknowledged the fact that, â€Å"pregnancy litigation seldom will survive much beyond the trial stage, and appellate review will be effectively denied† if a case became moot as soon as the pregnancy ended (Jburroughs, 2003). Blackmun declared that it would be unfair towards the women if the law in the states would be so rigid. He found that pregnancy serves a good reason for an end of non-mootness. The court focused on the merits of roe’s claim. Justice Blackmun considered the antiabortion legislation, as well as other various ethical, philosophical, and religious writings on the